The placenta is a temporary organ that forms during pregnancy and plays a vital role in supporting the development of the fetus. It begins developing in the uterus after the fertilized egg implants into the uterine wall. Here’s more information about the placenta:
What does the placenta do?
- The placenta provides oxygen, antibodies, and essential nutrients to the fetus.
- It serves as a waste removal system, eliminating waste products from the fetus.
- The placenta converts nutrients from the mother’s circulation into energy for the developing fetus.
- It produces hormones that regulate various aspects of pregnancy, including glucose supply, uterine relaxation, fetal organ development, and gas transfer (such as oxygen from the mother to the fetus).
- Hormones produced by the placenta prepare the mother’s body for breastfeeding and affect her metabolism.
Where is the placenta located? The placenta is located within the uterus and can develop anywhere within the uterine lining. Typically, it is in the upper part of the uterus (fundal position). The location can vary, with possibilities including anterior (front), lateral (right or left side), or posterior (back) positions.
Possible complications with the placenta:
- Placenta Previa: When the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, it’s called placenta previa. This condition can lead to vaginal bleeding and may require a C-section.
- Placenta Accreta: This occurs when the placenta implants too deeply into the uterine wall, potentially causing complications during delivery and increasing the risk of maternal bleeding.
- Placental Abruption: Placental abruption is when the placenta tears away from the uterine wall before delivery. It can lead to decreased blood flow to the baby and maternal hemorrhaging.
- Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome: In pregnancies with multiples sharing one placenta, imbalances in blood flow between twins can occur, leading to twin to twin transfusion syndrome.
- Placental Insufficiency: This condition arises when the placenta doesn’t function optimally, potentially causing fetal growth restriction and complications for both the baby and the pregnant person.
Keeping the placenta healthy during pregnancy:
- Maintain a well-balanced diet.
- Engage in regular exercise.
- Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs.
- Ensure any medications are safe during pregnancy.
- If you have pre-existing medical conditions or a history of pregnancy complications, consult a healthcare provider to optimize your chances of a healthy pregnancy.
Delivery of the placenta: The placenta is typically delivered within 30 minutes after the baby’s birth. Healthcare providers may assist in its delivery through gentle traction on the umbilical cord. If the placenta doesn’t separate properly (retained placenta), additional measures like uterine massage, manual extraction, or a D&C may be necessary.
What happens to the placenta after birth? After examination to ensure its integrity, the placenta is usually discarded. Some people choose to bank placental tissue, hoping for potential future therapies. Another option is public cord blood donation. Discuss placenta disposal options with your healthcare provider to make an informed choice.